Detailansicht
Construction and governance of "unhygienic Roma settlements" in Belgrade
an anthropological investigation in urban citizenship rights
Eva Schwab
Art der Arbeit
Masterarbeit
Universität
Universität Wien
Fakultät
Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften
Betreuer*in
Ayse Caglar
DOI
10.25365/thesis.28902
URN
urn:nbn:at:at-ubw:1-30394.07347.476862-5
Link zu u:search
(Print-Exemplar eventuell in Bibliothek verfügbar)
Abstracts
Abstract
(Deutsch)
In Belgrad ist ca. 43% der Wohnfläche mit sogenannten ‚informellen Bauten‘ besiedelt. 35% wird von jungen Familien mit geringem Einkommen bewohnt, gefolgt von Flüchtlingen, die ca. 23% der Bewohner ausmachen und Roma, die 18% dieser Stadtbewohner ausmachen. Wie auch in anderen serbischen Städten haben sich informelle Siedlungen in Belgrad vornehmlich nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg entwickelt. Industrialisierung brachte große Wellen von Migranten aus ländlichen Gebieten in größere Städte. In den 1990er Jahren kamen Flüchtlinge und IDPs hinzu, sowie Anfang der 2000er repatriierte Flüchtlinge aus den westlichen EU Mitgliedsstaaten.
In dieser Arbeit geht es um Umsiedlungen von informellen innerstädtischen Romasiedlungen, die im Zuge von durch die Europäische Investitionsbank finanzierten Infrastrukturprojekten in den letzten 4 Jahren stattfanden. Es wird die Frage behandelt, was für Institutionen und Prozeduren an der Schnittstelle zwischen Umsiedlungsrichtlinien der EIB und lokaler Sozialpolitik entstehen und wie somit das Feld rekonfiguriert wird, innerhalb dessen das Recht dieser Menschen auf Stadt und ihr Zugang zu sozialer Sicherung ausgehandelt wird.
Abstract
(Englisch)
In Belgrade 43% of the residential area is covered with informal housing, which is for 35% inhabited by young families with insufficient income to obtain formal housing, followed by refugees comprising 23 percent and Roma accounting for 18 percent (Ministry of Capital Investment of Serbia and Montenegro 2004). In Belgrade, as well as other Serbian cities, informal settlements strongly developed in the course of the post-World War II industrialization and immigration from rural areas to cities as well as waves of refugees and IDPs during the 1990s and later on repatriated refugees from EU countries.
With the new Law on Planning and Construction (2003) the ex post facto official acknowledgement of informal settlements became more an institutionalized procedure and upgrading has become the state’s dominant strategy towards informal settlements, i.e. the transfer of property rights and their connection to urban infrastructure. However, in case of some settlements, especially those inhabited by Roma, the municipalities show reluctance in formalizing and upgrading. Located in New Belgrade at the river Sava the three biggest of those settlements became obstacles to the great city development projects during the last five years. Under supervision of the two most important sponsors (European Investment Bank (EIB) and European Bank for Development and Reconstruction (EBDR)) and Amnesty International, the Secretary for Child and Social Protection of the City of Belgrade coordinated the resettlement of the whole Gazela settlement (app. 140 families) to subsidized containers on state owned land at six different locations in suburban areas of the city and some were even completely expulsed from Belgrade. After that resettlement a series of forced evictions of similar settlements occurred in Belgrade.
In my thesis I argue that the neoliberal restructuring of the city directed towards the attraction of investments brought about a new stigmatization of informal settlements in inner city areas. These settlements were until then tolerated as a form of ‘soft social policy’. In the sake of investments they became ‘unhygienic settlements’ which unlawfully occupy valuable public land and hotbeds of deprivation that hinder the economic development of the city. In contestation with state level integration politics towards the from this perspective ‘vulnerable’ population and EIB resettlement guidelines, the City established container settlements to accommodate project affected people. This container socialization apparatus differentiates subjects and their right to become mature citizens with the ‘right to claim rights’ according to their improvability. In that citizenship as the basis for right claims becomes dependent on continuous re-balancing of the tensional relation between distancing (as only immature subjects could be socialized) and incorporation (which is the finality of these interventions).
Schlagwörter
Schlagwörter
(Englisch)
urban informality state of exception governmentality margins of the state
Schlagwörter
(Deutsch)
Urbane Informalität Ausnahmezustand Gouvernmentalität Ränder des Staates
Autor*innen
Eva Schwab
Haupttitel (Englisch)
Construction and governance of "unhygienic Roma settlements" in Belgrade
Hauptuntertitel (Englisch)
an anthropological investigation in urban citizenship rights
Paralleltitel (Deutsch)
Konstruktion und Governance von "Unhygienischen Roma Siedlungen" in Belgrad ; eine anthropologische Untersuchen städtischer Bürgerrechte
Publikationsjahr
2013
Umfangsangabe
100 S. : Kt.
Sprache
Englisch
Beurteiler*in
Ayse Caglar
Klassifikation
70 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein > 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines
AC Nummer
AC10900516
Utheses ID
25803
Studienkennzahl
UA | 066 | 810 | |